Novel association between sperm reactive oxygen species production, sperm morphological defects, and the sperm deformity index.

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between sperm reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and sperm morphology in a group of infertile men and healthy fertile donors. DESIGN A prospective clinical study. SETTING Male infertility clinic, Glickman Urological Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, and the Reproductive Medicine Unit, Liverpool Women's Hospital, United Kingdom PATIENT(S) Thirty-nine infertile men and 13 healthy fertile donors (control). INTERVENTION(S) Standard semen analysis, seminal leukocyte concentration, assessment of sperm morphology, and measurement of sperm ROS production. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Levels of sperm ROS production, percentages of different sperm morphological abnormalities, and the sperm deformity index (SDI) scores. RESULT(S) A significant negative correlation was observed between sperm ROS production and the proportion of sperm with normal morphology and borderline morphology. Reactive oxygen species production was positively correlated with the proportion of sperm with amorphous heads, damaged acrosomes, midpiece defects, cytoplasmic droplets, tail defects, and SDI scores. Logistic regression analysis identified a two-variable model including SDI and percentage sperm motility, which correctly identified 84% of individuals with high seminal ROS and 85% of individuals with low seminal ROS. The model had an overall accuracy of 85%. CONCLUSION(S) The standard semen analysis to assess sperm motility, sperm morphology, and the SDI scores is a useful tool in identifying infertile men with high seminal ROS in infertility clinics where facilities for measuring levels of seminal ROS are not available.